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Glosario del derecho turco de ejecución
35 términos clave del derecho turco de ejecución y concursal en siete idiomas, con una breve explicación en inglés.
| Español | Türkçe | English | Nederlands | Français | Deutsch | Italiano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apostilla | Apostil | ApostilleCertification under the 1961 Hague Convention. | Apostille | Apostille | Apostille | Apostille |
| Caución por costas | Teminat (yabancılık teminatı) | Security for costsMay be required from foreign claimants unless a treaty applies. | Zekerheid voor proceskosten | Caution judicatum solvi | Prozesskostensicherheit | Cauzione per le spese |
| Concordato | Konkordato | Concordat (restructuring)Court-supervised restructuring with a moratorium (İİK 285 ff.). | Akkoordprocedure | Concordat | Konkordat (Sanierungsverfahren) | Concordato |
| Demanda de anulación de la oposición | İtirazın iptali davası | Action to annul the objectionFull lawsuit (İİK 67), 1 year; mediation first for commercial claims. | Vordering tot vernietiging van het verzet | Action en annulation de l'opposition | Klage auf Aufhebung des Widerspruchs | Azione di annullamento dell'opposizione |
| Ejecución cambiaria | Kambiyo senetlerine dayalı takip | Enforcement on cheques and notesFaster track for cheques and promissory notes (İİK 167 ff.). | Executie op grond van cheques en wissels | Exécution sur chèques et effets | Wechsel- und Scheckvollstreckung | Esecuzione su assegni e cambiali |
| Ejecución de sentencia | İlamlı takip | Judgment-based enforcementEnforcement of a court judgment or equivalent title. | Executie op grond van een vonnis | Exécution d'un jugement | Vollstreckung aus einem Urteil | Esecuzione di una sentenza |
| Ejecución sin título judicial | İlamsız takip | Non-judgment enforcementEnforcement started on an invoice or contract without a prior judgment. | Executie zonder vonnis | Exécution sans titre judiciaire | Vollstreckung ohne Urteil | Esecuzione senza titolo giudiziale |
| Embargo | Haciz | Attachment (seizure)Seizure of the debtor's assets once enforcement is final. | Beslag | Saisie | Pfändung | Pignoramento |
| Embargo de créditos frente a terceros | Haciz ihbarnamesi (89/1) | Garnishment notice to third partiesNotice to third parties holding money owed to the debtor (İİK 89). | Derdenbeslag | Saisie-attribution | Forderungspfändung bei Dritten | Pignoramento presso terzi |
| Embargo de salario | Maaş haczi | Wage garnishmentAt least one quarter of salary (İİK 83). | Loonbeslag | Saisie sur salaire | Lohnpfändung | Pignoramento dello stipendio |
| Embargo preventivo | İhtiyati haciz | Preliminary attachmentCourt order freezing assets before or during proceedings (İİK 257). | Conservatoir beslag | Saisie conservatoire | Arrest | Sequestro conservativo |
| Exequátur | Tenfiz | Exequatur (enforcement of a foreign judgment)Turkish court decision making a foreign judgment enforceable (MÖHUK 50). | Exequatur | Exequatur | Vollstreckbarerklärung | Exequatur |
| Firmeza | Kesinleşme | FinalityEnforcement proceedings or judgment no longer open to challenge. | Definitief worden | Caractère définitif | Rechtskraft | Definitività |
| Honorarios legales del abogado | Vekâlet ücreti (AAÜT) | Statutory attorney's feeFee under the Bar tariff, added to the debt. | Wettelijk advocatenhonorarium | Honoraires d'avocat légaux | Gesetzliches Anwaltshonorar | Compenso legale dell'avvocato |
| Indemnización por oposición infundada | İcra inkâr tazminatı | Bad-faith objection compensationAt least 20% of the claim against an unjustified objection. | Vergoeding wegens ongegrond verzet | Indemnité pour opposition abusive | Entschädigung wegen unbegründeten Widerspruchs | Indennizzo per opposizione infondata |
| Interés de demora mercantil | Avans faizi | Commercial default interest (advance rate)Central Bank advance rate in commercial matters (Law No. 3095, Art. 2/2). | Handelsrente (voorschotrente) | Intérêt moratoire commercial | Handelsrechtliche Verzugszinsen | Interesse di mora commerciale |
| Interés legal | Kanuni faiz | Statutory interestLaw No. 3095, Art. 1. | Wettelijke rente | Intérêt légal | Gesetzliche Zinsen | Interesse legale |
| Levantamiento de la oposición | İtirazın kaldırılması | Removal of the objectionSummary application to the enforcement court (İİK 68), 6 months. | Opheffing van het verzet | Mainlevée de l'opposition | Beseitigung des Widerspruchs | Rimozione dell'opposizione |
| Manifestación de bienes | Mal beyanı | Declaration of assetsDebtor's duty to declare assets (İİK 74). | Vermogensopgave | Déclaration de patrimoine | Vermögensauskunft | Dichiarazione dei beni |
| Mediación | Arabuluculuk | MediationMandatory before commercial money-claim lawsuits. | Mediation | Médiation | Mediation | Mediazione |
| Moratoria del concordato | Konkordato mühleti | Concordat moratoriumEnforcement against the debtor is stayed. | Uitstel van betaling | Sursis concordataire | Nachlassstundung | Moratoria concordataria |
| Nulidad de la subasta | İhalenin feshi | Annulment of the auctionChallenge to an auction (İİK 134). | Vernietiging van de veiling | Annulation de l'adjudication | Aufhebung des Zuschlags | Annullamento dell'aggiudicazione |
| Oficina de ejecución | İcra dairesi | Enforcement officeState office attached to the court that runs enforcement. | Executiekantoor | Office d'exécution | Vollstreckungsamt | Ufficio esecuzioni |
| Oposición a la deuda | Borca itiraz | Objection to the debtStops non-judgment enforcement. | Verzet tegen de schuld | Opposition à la dette | Widerspruch gegen die Forderung | Opposizione al debito |
| Orden de ejecución | İcra emri | Execution orderOrder served in judgment-based enforcement. | Bevel tot tenuitvoerlegging | Commandement d'exécuter | Vollstreckungsbefehl | Precetto |
| Orden de pago | Ödeme emri | Payment orderServed on the debtor; 7 days to pay or object in ordinary proceedings. | Betalingsbevel | Commandement de payer | Zahlungsbefehl | Ordine di pagamento |
| Poder | Vekâletname | Power of attorneySigned before a notary with apostille for foreign clients. | Volmacht | Procuration | Vollmacht | Procura |
| Procedimiento de ejecución | İcra takibi | Enforcement proceedingsCollection of a money claim through an enforcement office. | Executieprocedure | Procédure d'exécution | Zwangsvollstreckungsverfahren | Procedura esecutiva |
| Quiebra | İflas | BankruptcyLiquidation of a debtor's estate. | Faillissement | Faillite | Konkurs | Fallimento |
| Reciprocidad | Karşılıklılık | ReciprocityCondition for exequatur of foreign court judgments. | Wederkerigheid | Réciprocité | Gegenseitigkeit | Reciprocità |
| Reconocimiento | Tanıma | RecognitionRes judicata effect without enforceability (MÖHUK 58). | Erkenning | Reconnaissance | Anerkennung | Riconoscimento |
| Subasta | İhale / satış | Public auctionSale of attached assets. | Openbare verkoop | Vente aux enchères | Versteigerung | Vendita all'asta |
| Tasa de cobro | Tahsil harcı | Collection feeState fee on amounts collected; charged to the debtor. | Inningsrecht | Droit de recouvrement | Einzugsgebühr | Diritto di riscossione |
| Tasación | Kıymet takdiri | Valuation of attached assetsValuation before public auction. | Taxatie | Estimation des biens saisis | Schätzung | Stima dei beni pignorati |
| Traductor jurado | Yeminli tercüman | Sworn translatorTranslations of foreign documents into Turkish. | Beëdigd vertaler | Traducteur assermenté | Vereidigter Übersetzer | Traduttore giurato |
Información general, no asesoramiento jurídico. Los términos son equivalentes aproximados.