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Glossar zum türkischen Vollstreckungsrecht
35 Schlüsselbegriffe des türkischen Zwangsvollstreckungs- und Insolvenzrechts in sieben Sprachen, mit kurzer Erläuterung auf Englisch.
| Deutsch | Türkçe | English | Nederlands | Français | Italiano | Español |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anerkennung | Tanıma | RecognitionRes judicata effect without enforceability (MÖHUK 58). | Erkenning | Reconnaissance | Riconoscimento | Reconocimiento |
| Apostille | Apostil | ApostilleCertification under the 1961 Hague Convention. | Apostille | Apostille | Apostille | Apostilla |
| Arrest | İhtiyati haciz | Preliminary attachmentCourt order freezing assets before or during proceedings (İİK 257). | Conservatoir beslag | Saisie conservatoire | Sequestro conservativo | Embargo preventivo |
| Aufhebung des Zuschlags | İhalenin feshi | Annulment of the auctionChallenge to an auction (İİK 134). | Vernietiging van de veiling | Annulation de l'adjudication | Annullamento dell'aggiudicazione | Nulidad de la subasta |
| Beseitigung des Widerspruchs | İtirazın kaldırılması | Removal of the objectionSummary application to the enforcement court (İİK 68), 6 months. | Opheffing van het verzet | Mainlevée de l'opposition | Rimozione dell'opposizione | Levantamiento de la oposición |
| Einzugsgebühr | Tahsil harcı | Collection feeState fee on amounts collected; charged to the debtor. | Inningsrecht | Droit de recouvrement | Diritto di riscossione | Tasa de cobro |
| Entschädigung wegen unbegründeten Widerspruchs | İcra inkâr tazminatı | Bad-faith objection compensationAt least 20% of the claim against an unjustified objection. | Vergoeding wegens ongegrond verzet | Indemnité pour opposition abusive | Indennizzo per opposizione infondata | Indemnización por oposición infundada |
| Forderungspfändung bei Dritten | Haciz ihbarnamesi (89/1) | Garnishment notice to third partiesNotice to third parties holding money owed to the debtor (İİK 89). | Derdenbeslag | Saisie-attribution | Pignoramento presso terzi | Embargo de créditos frente a terceros |
| Gegenseitigkeit | Karşılıklılık | ReciprocityCondition for exequatur of foreign court judgments. | Wederkerigheid | Réciprocité | Reciprocità | Reciprocidad |
| Gesetzliche Zinsen | Kanuni faiz | Statutory interestLaw No. 3095, Art. 1. | Wettelijke rente | Intérêt légal | Interesse legale | Interés legal |
| Gesetzliches Anwaltshonorar | Vekâlet ücreti (AAÜT) | Statutory attorney's feeFee under the Bar tariff, added to the debt. | Wettelijk advocatenhonorarium | Honoraires d'avocat légaux | Compenso legale dell'avvocato | Honorarios legales del abogado |
| Handelsrechtliche Verzugszinsen | Avans faizi | Commercial default interest (advance rate)Central Bank advance rate in commercial matters (Law No. 3095, Art. 2/2). | Handelsrente (voorschotrente) | Intérêt moratoire commercial | Interesse di mora commerciale | Interés de demora mercantil |
| Klage auf Aufhebung des Widerspruchs | İtirazın iptali davası | Action to annul the objectionFull lawsuit (İİK 67), 1 year; mediation first for commercial claims. | Vordering tot vernietiging van het verzet | Action en annulation de l'opposition | Azione di annullamento dell'opposizione | Demanda de anulación de la oposición |
| Konkordat (Sanierungsverfahren) | Konkordato | Concordat (restructuring)Court-supervised restructuring with a moratorium (İİK 285 ff.). | Akkoordprocedure | Concordat | Concordato | Concordato |
| Konkurs | İflas | BankruptcyLiquidation of a debtor's estate. | Faillissement | Faillite | Fallimento | Quiebra |
| Lohnpfändung | Maaş haczi | Wage garnishmentAt least one quarter of salary (İİK 83). | Loonbeslag | Saisie sur salaire | Pignoramento dello stipendio | Embargo de salario |
| Mediation | Arabuluculuk | MediationMandatory before commercial money-claim lawsuits. | Mediation | Médiation | Mediazione | Mediación |
| Nachlassstundung | Konkordato mühleti | Concordat moratoriumEnforcement against the debtor is stayed. | Uitstel van betaling | Sursis concordataire | Moratoria concordataria | Moratoria del concordato |
| Pfändung | Haciz | Attachment (seizure)Seizure of the debtor's assets once enforcement is final. | Beslag | Saisie | Pignoramento | Embargo |
| Prozesskostensicherheit | Teminat (yabancılık teminatı) | Security for costsMay be required from foreign claimants unless a treaty applies. | Zekerheid voor proceskosten | Caution judicatum solvi | Cauzione per le spese | Caución por costas |
| Rechtskraft | Kesinleşme | FinalityEnforcement proceedings or judgment no longer open to challenge. | Definitief worden | Caractère définitif | Definitività | Firmeza |
| Schätzung | Kıymet takdiri | Valuation of attached assetsValuation before public auction. | Taxatie | Estimation des biens saisis | Stima dei beni pignorati | Tasación |
| Vereidigter Übersetzer | Yeminli tercüman | Sworn translatorTranslations of foreign documents into Turkish. | Beëdigd vertaler | Traducteur assermenté | Traduttore giurato | Traductor jurado |
| Vermögensauskunft | Mal beyanı | Declaration of assetsDebtor's duty to declare assets (İİK 74). | Vermogensopgave | Déclaration de patrimoine | Dichiarazione dei beni | Manifestación de bienes |
| Versteigerung | İhale / satış | Public auctionSale of attached assets. | Openbare verkoop | Vente aux enchères | Vendita all'asta | Subasta |
| Vollmacht | Vekâletname | Power of attorneySigned before a notary with apostille for foreign clients. | Volmacht | Procuration | Procura | Poder |
| Vollstreckbarerklärung | Tenfiz | Exequatur (enforcement of a foreign judgment)Turkish court decision making a foreign judgment enforceable (MÖHUK 50). | Exequatur | Exequatur | Exequatur | Exequátur |
| Vollstreckung aus einem Urteil | İlamlı takip | Judgment-based enforcementEnforcement of a court judgment or equivalent title. | Executie op grond van een vonnis | Exécution d'un jugement | Esecuzione di una sentenza | Ejecución de sentencia |
| Vollstreckung ohne Urteil | İlamsız takip | Non-judgment enforcementEnforcement started on an invoice or contract without a prior judgment. | Executie zonder vonnis | Exécution sans titre judiciaire | Esecuzione senza titolo giudiziale | Ejecución sin título judicial |
| Vollstreckungsamt | İcra dairesi | Enforcement officeState office attached to the court that runs enforcement. | Executiekantoor | Office d'exécution | Ufficio esecuzioni | Oficina de ejecución |
| Vollstreckungsbefehl | İcra emri | Execution orderOrder served in judgment-based enforcement. | Bevel tot tenuitvoerlegging | Commandement d'exécuter | Precetto | Orden de ejecución |
| Wechsel- und Scheckvollstreckung | Kambiyo senetlerine dayalı takip | Enforcement on cheques and notesFaster track for cheques and promissory notes (İİK 167 ff.). | Executie op grond van cheques en wissels | Exécution sur chèques et effets | Esecuzione su assegni e cambiali | Ejecución cambiaria |
| Widerspruch gegen die Forderung | Borca itiraz | Objection to the debtStops non-judgment enforcement. | Verzet tegen de schuld | Opposition à la dette | Opposizione al debito | Oposición a la deuda |
| Zahlungsbefehl | Ödeme emri | Payment orderServed on the debtor; 7 days to pay or object in ordinary proceedings. | Betalingsbevel | Commandement de payer | Ordine di pagamento | Orden de pago |
| Zwangsvollstreckungsverfahren | İcra takibi | Enforcement proceedingsCollection of a money claim through an enforcement office. | Executieprocedure | Procédure d'exécution | Procedura esecutiva | Procedimiento de ejecución |
Allgemeine Information, keine Rechtsberatung. Die Begriffe sind ungefähre Entsprechungen.